Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. For her work during this period, Hamilton has been credited with popularizing the concept of software engineering. I will return to work on one condition no more fireworks!" They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. We took our work seriously, many of us beginning this journey while still in our 20s. Hamilton, now an independent computer scientist, described for MIT News in 2009 her contributions to the Apollo software which last month was added in its entirety to the code-sharing site GitHub: From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission. 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Hamilton played two credited roles in the famous film: Almira Gulch and the Wicked Witch of the West. The picture made a terrible impression of some kind on them, sometimes a ghastly impression, but most of them got over it, I guess because when I talk like the Witch, and when I laugh, there is a hesitation and then they clap. margaret-hamilton-bio-wiki-age-family-net-worth-height-nationality-and-facts.html. For her work, she was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. Margaret Hamilton Biography, Facts & Life Story. Cameron Diaz Biography, Facts & Life Story, Cam Newton Biography, Facts & Life Story, Roman Reigns Biography, Facts & Life Story, Lindsay Lohan Biography, Facts & Life Story, Christopher Lloyd Biography, Facts & Life Story, Michael Chiklis Biography, Facts & Life Story, Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner. In 1965 Margaret was named responsible for the development of the flight software for the computers that would go on board the Apollo spacecraft. [23] This included error detection and recovery software such as restarts and the Display Interface Routines (also known as the Priority Displays), which Hamilton designed and developed. Hamilton herself specifically concentrated on software to detect system errors and to recover information in a computer crash. Check out Margaret Hamilton's Bio Now The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Margaret Hamilton, ne Margaret Heafield, (born August 17, 1936, Paoli, Indiana, U.S.), American computer scientist who was one of the first computer software programmers; she created the term software engineer to describe her work. It meant that if Aldrin, say, hit a button on the priority display too quickly, he might still get a "normal" response. !' In those years, there were no programming languages like at the end of the 20th century. The cookie settings on this website are set to "allow cookies" to give you the best browsing experience possible. In 1933, Hamilton was invited to repeat her stage role of the sarcastic daughter-in-law in the Broadway play Another Language for the MGM film version. We knew that. Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses for a series of photos with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". She is best known for playing the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz.In movies, she often played older, unmarried women from New England who was extremely practical but did not enjoy jokes. There was no second chance. As she grew, she quickly developed a passion for mathematics and decided to work in this domain. It was intended to guide the spacecraft once they had achieved Earth orbit. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. [38] Paul Curto, senior technologist who nominated Hamilton for a NASA Space Act Award, called Hamilton's work "the foundation for ultra-reliable software design".[23]. , money, salary, income, and assets. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Her most visible appearances during this period were as general store owner, Cora, in a national series of television commercials for Maxwell House coffee. more information Accept. (Revised December 29, 2004). She soon transferred, however, to Earlham College in Indiana where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics, with a minor in philosophy. Barack Obama presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. For her work during this period, Hamilton has been credited with popularizing the concept of software engineering. [63] Hamilton's innovations go beyond the feats of playing an important role in getting humans to the Moon. This brilliant mathematician, systems engineer, and computational scientist, was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film The Wizard of Oz.A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in . A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. "Margaret Hamilton, 82, Dies; Played Wicked Witch In 'Oz', "Ah, The Songs of Long Ago! Everything was done based on codes, so that they did not occupy too much space in the small memories of the computers, which were NOT made of silicon, but were housed in iron cores. She knew everything about these vital programs. Thompson, Arthur A.; Strickland, A. J., (1996), "Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases", Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 16:40, Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, "001: A Full Life Cycle Systems Engineering and Software Development Environment", Universal Systems Language for Preventative Systems Engineering, A Formal Universal Systems Semantics for SysML, Universal Systems Language: Lessons Learned from Apollo, "President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom", "Former Earlham Student Had Role in Moon Flight", "2009 Outstanding Alumni and Distinguished Service Awards", "The Woman Who Taught Me Margaret Hamilton MAKERS Moment", "Margaret Hamilton: The Untold Story of the Woman Who Took Us to the Moon", "The statistical prediction of solutions of dynamic equations", "AGC Conference 1: Margaret Hamilton's introduction", "Scene at MIT: Margaret Hamilton's Apollo code", "NASA Engineers and Scientists-Transforming Dreams Into Reality", The History of Apollo On-board Guidance, Navigation, and Control, Keyboard and Display Program and Operation, "Moon landing memories:'Apollo 11 changed civilisation and I had a part in it', "Tales from the Lunar Module Guidance Computer", "Computer Got Loaded, letter to the editor of Datamation", Higher Order Software Evaluation and Critique, "Federal User Offers Free CAD/CAM Software", "And/Or Programs: A New Approach to Structured Programming", "Overview of Hamilton Technologies, Inc. (HTI) 001", "ICSE 2018 Plenary Sessions Margaret Hamilton", "What to Know About the Scientist who Invented the Term "Software Engineering", "NASA Engineers and Scientists Transforming Dreams Into Reality", "Margaret Hamilton: 2017 Fellow Biography", "Margaret Hamilton, the Engineer Who Took the Apollo to the Moon", "Her code got humans on the moon and invented software itself", "Software and a Woman at the Heart of Lunar Triumph", "A moonlit tribute to a moon landing icon", "Honour for software writer on Apollo moon mission", "White House honors two of tech's female pioneers", "Margaret Hamilton Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom", "The 2017 Fellow Award Acceptance Speech", "Lego's 'Women of NASA' toy set is finally on sale and it's already Amazon's best-selling toy", "Investiture of scientist Margaret Hamilton as an honorary doctor of the UPC", "Margaret Hamilton Accepts 2019 Washington Award Nomination", "Bard College - 2019 Honorary Degree Recipients", "Margaret Hamilton's sister shares her memories as Seattle's seniors celebrate the 50th anniversary of the moon landing", "James Cox Hamilton, at 77; lawyer was quiet warrior for First Amendment", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamilton_(software_engineer)&oldid=1141753509. Under her married name of Margaret Meserve, she served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951. She is from USA. "Every time the CPU approached overload, the software cleared out its entire queue of processes, restarted its functions; allowing only the highest priority ones to perform until the landing was completed," she said. '[8], Hamilton's stand-in and stunt double for the Witch, Betty Danko, also suffered an on-set accident on February 11, 1939. If the computer hadn't recognized this problem and taken recovery action, I doubt if Apollo 11 would have been the successful moon landing it was. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. [66], She met her first husband, James Cox Hamilton,[80] in the mid-1950s while attending college. Hamilton left MIT in the mid-1970s to work in the private sector. This depended on our assigning a unique priority to every process in the software in order to ensure that all of its events would take place in the correct order and at the right time relative to everything else that was going on. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. The couple then moved to Boston. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Dedication and commitment were a given. In 2009, Margaret Hamilton and fellow MIT software engineers described what is was like to contribute to the Apollo missions 40 years after the famous Apollo 11 landing in the Moon's Sea of Tranquility in July 1969. In 2019, she was awarded The Washington Award. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. I guess for a minute they get the feeling they got when they watched the picture. Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). Margaret Hamilton (Margaret Brainard Hamilton) was born on 9 December, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, is an Actress, Soundtrack. Discover today's celebrity birthdays and explore famous people who share your birthday. MIT's instrumentation lab received the contract for the Apollo guidance and control systems on Aug. 9, 1961, when the United States had accomplished only two spaceflights both with just one crewmember on board, and both in suborbital space. It was her code that enabled the human race to travel to the moon and back. For her last stage role, she was cast as Madame Armfeldt in the Stephen Sondheim musical A Little Night Music, singing the song "Liaisons" for the national tour costarring with Jean Simmons as her daughter Desiree. She notably wrote software for a program to identify enemy aircraft. [16] A Republican, she supported the campaign of Dwight Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential election. On August 17, 1936, Margaret Hamilton (ne Heafield) was born to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield in Paoli, Indiana. Margaret Hamiltons income source is mostly from being a successful Actress. In recent years, a striking photo of Hamilton and her teams Apollo code has made the rounds on social media and in articles detailing her key contributions to Apollo 11's success. I said to myself, 'Oh, boy, The Wizard of Oz! She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. [81][80] She briefly taught high school mathematics and French at a public school in Boston, Indiana. [10] She says her poet father and headmaster grandfather inspired her to include a minor in philosophy in her studies. In this famous MIT lab, her team developed the navigation software for the Apollo Space Program. Margaret Hamilton was born on August 17, 1936. In March 1986, she founded Hamilton Technologies, Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In one of the critical moments of the Apollo 11 mission, the Apollo Guidance Computer, together with the on-board flight software, averted an abort of the landing on the Moon. [16] She moved on to another project in the summer of 1961, and hired and trained Ellen Fetter as her replacement.[12]. She played Morticia Addams' mother, Hester Frump, in three episodes of The Addams Family. From 1961 to 1963, Hamilton worked on the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Project at the MIT Lincoln Lab,[14] where she was one of the programmers who wrote software for the prototype AN/FSQ-7 computer (the XD-1), used by the U.S. Air Force to search for possibly unfriendly aircraft. Storey was born in San Francisco, California, into an educated household. [37] Jack Garman, a NASA computer engineer in mission control, recognized the meaning of the errors that were presented to the astronauts by the priority displays and shouted, "Go, go!" After graduating in 1958, she taught high-school mathematics for a short time. "[13] She appeared as herself in three episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, between 1975 and 1976, because Fred Rogers wanted his viewers to recognize the Wicked Witch was just a character and not something to be afraid of. It is ironic that her performance as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939) was so scary to children, because her first job was as a kindergarten teacher. However, once there, she preferred to accept work at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), as a software developer. Searching to find out more about Margaret Hamilton? She also published six books. [7] Studio executives cut some of Hamilton's more frightening scenes, worrying they would frighten children too much. "The award included the largest financial award that NASA had ever presented to any individual up to that point. We had to find a way and we did. Moore Boeck. Profiled in "American Classic Screen Interviews" (Scarecrow Press). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo programs guidance system. Elizabeth first got interested in space after watching the movie Apollo 13 in 1996, and still wants to be an astronaut someday. She did a stint as a What's My Line? In recent years, a striking photo of Hamilton and her teams Apollo code has made the rounds on social media and in articles detailing her key contributions to Apollo 11's success. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. At MIT she began programming software to predict the weather and did postgraduate work in meteorology. During the 1960s and 1970s, Hamilton appeared regularly on television. August 17, 2016. According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. is 5'(1.52m) . [13][14][15] Her work contributed to Lorenz's publications on chaos theory. We had to find a way and we did. Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. Elizabeth is also a post-secondary instructor in communications and science since 2015. For other people named Margaret Hamilton, see. In 1960, producer/director William Castle cast Hamilton as a housekeeper in his 13 Ghosts horror film, in which 12-year-old lead Charles Herbert's character taunts her about being a witch, including the final scene, in which she is holding a broom in her hand. She had a small role in the made-for-television film The Night Strangler (1973) and appeared as a befuddled neighbor on Sigmund and the Sea Monsters, who is a friend of the very similar Mary Wickes. If the latter case, this would be Hamilton's third but uncredited role. During one interview, she joked: I was in need of money at the time, I had done about six pictures for MGM at the time, and my agent called. Heres how it works. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Hamilton was cast after Gale Sondergaard, who was first considered for the role, albeit as a more glamorous witch with a musical scene, declined the role when the decision was made that the witch should appear ugly.[6]. [7][9] She cites Florence Long, the head of the math department at Earlham, as helping with her desire to pursue abstract mathematics and become a mathematics professor. [42][43][44] It was successfully used in numerous government programs[45][46] including a project to formalize and implement C-IDEF, an automated version of IDEF, a modeling language developed by the U.S. Air Force in the Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) project. She went on to appear in These Three (1936), Saratoga, You Only Live Once, When's Your Birthday?, Nothing Sacred (all 1937), The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938), My Little Chickadee (with W. C. Fields, 1940), and The Sin of Harold Diddlebock (with Harold Lloyd, 1947). Margaret Hamilton (Margaret Brainard Hamilton) was born on 9 December, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, is an Actress, Soundtrack. Required fields are marked *. [20] Hamilton's team was responsible for developing in-flight software,[21] which included algorithms designed by various senior scientists for the Apollo command module, Apollo lunar module, and the subsequent Skylab. The company was developed around the Universal Systems Language (USL) and its associated automated environment, the 001 Tool Suite, based on her paradigm of development before the fact for systems design and software development.[32][51][52].
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