As a member of the Imperial landed gentry he was given the title prince, which he shared with his father, also Prince Ivan Ivanovich Odoevsky (April 5, 1742- December 11, 1806) who retired in the period 1802-1803 as a Lieutenant-General in charge of Ingermanland Dragoon Regiment. A surcharge will be added for any third party online bidding platform that the bidder utilizes. However, it is likely that having been in the Pavlograd Hussars he could have transferred to the Belarussian Hussars Regiment which was at the Battle of Brienne and commanded by Sergei Nicholayevich Lansky, the nephew of Prince Odoevskys guardian Dmitri Sergeivich Lansky and a heralded Lieutenant General who himself was killed just one month after the Battle of Brienne in a rear guard action at the Battle of Craonne. In any such instance, purchasers remedy, if any, shall be solely against the service certifying the collectible. If you do not pay for the item in full, MORPHYS will block you from participating in future auctions. Ivan Sergeevich Odoevsky was born in 1769, to Sergei Ivanovich Odoevsky and Elisaveta Alexeievna Odoevsky (born Lvova). The crossguard langlets are triangular in shape, fitting perfectly into the scabbard and have beautifully carved Medusa heads on both sides, crowned with a martial stand above the heads, resembling an antiquated water flask of the type carried by nomadic warriors (an allusion to the hussar that would have been presented with this sword).The use of floral decoration was typical of Empire Style embellishment and found on other Imperial Russian presentation swords of the period, see below images of a gold mounted presentation sword to General Rozena, fitted with an Ottoman Turkish blade of an earlier period.The scabbard is of similar gilded ormolu design, with fire gilding remaining in excellent condition, and with six windows through which the timber covered black leather can be seen. Make checks payable to: Dan Morphy Auctions LLC. All weights and grades are approximate. Buyer authorizes the MORPHYs to sell, at their standard commission and consignment contract terms, any goods not retrieved after a 90 day period in any manner deemed appropriate by MORPHYs and the proceeds will be applied to any outstanding balance due from the buyer. The Odoevsky saber is similar to the magnificent swords awarded to British sailors and soldiers for distinguished actions during the Napoleonic Wars by the Patriotic Fund of Lloyds, only even more impressive. o Any condition statement reflects the condition of the watch on the date of the report. Ivan; Translations All applicable charges will be applied to the invoice. Any items arriving without a return authorization will not be given a refund. ONLINE BIDDING - Online bidding through www.morphyauctions.com, Live Auctioneers, Invaluable, Proxibid, or other bidding platforms may be available; all Terms and Conditions still apply. As if the splendor and artistry of the sword itself were not sufficient to be on interest to any collector or institution added to its significance as a battle weapon owned by a renowned Russian prince, the sister of Ivan Ivanovich, Princess Varvara Ivanova Odoevsky, wrote a series of letters describing life in Napoleonic Moscow used by Count Leo Tolstoy as background material for his most famous novel, War and Peace, in which Tolstoy specifically mentions the Pavlograd Hussars. However, we cannot guarantee that questions submitted within 48 hours of the auction date will be answered prior to the auction. He was the voivode at the Battle of Molodi (1572), fighting against the Crimean Khan Devlet I Giray. He was killed in action on January 29, 1814, at the Battle of Brienne in France. The grip pommel is further accentuated with chiseled and carved floral leaf designs. Oversize and breakable items shipments include full insurance. All orders are subject to acceptance by IMA Inc, which reserves the right to refuse any order. Without this disclaimer, as a practical matter, it would not be possible for MORPYS to offer such lots at all. Or 'which beard style . A Civil War saber and silver scabbard presented to Captain James Bliss by veterans of Company B, 8th New York Cavalry, carried great historical significance. Again, if any employee or agent of MORPHYS shall pack or transport the merchandise, it is fully at the ri [1], The princely House of Odoyev dates from 1376, when Prince Roman Semyonovich of Novosil moved his seat from Novosil (in the present-day Oryol Oblast) to Odoyev (in the present-day Tula Oblast) after Mamai's Tatars destroyed the town of Novosil in 1375. They prospered in business and education and eventually opened the Classical, Commercial, and Mathematical School in Greenwich Village, New York City, which had a finishing school for young women and a college preparatory curriculum for young men and served as the primary school education for many West Point applicants including future Civil War generals from both the Union and the Confederacy such as Pierre G.T. The distinctive artwork on the flag auctioned by Morphys features the image of a black soldier bidding farewell to Columbia, the Goddess of Liberty. [1], In the 18th and 19th centuries the Odoyevsky family formed part of the highest aristocracy. BREAKABLE, DELICATE, FRAGILE ITEMS - MORPHYS reserves the right to choose items and orders that it will pack, ship, and/or insure directly using our shipping department. Its amethyst-inlaid gilt-brass mounts and silvered scabbard added the luxury touches that proved irresistible to bidders. 1814. Animation is the process of creating the illusion of movement by showing a series of still pictures in rapid . and less than 108 length and less than 165 dimensional size Bidder Terms and Conditions In the event MORPHYs cannot deliver the lot, or subsequently it is established that the lot lacks title, provenance, or authenticity, MORPHYs liability shall be limited to voiding of the sale and refund of purchase price. Condition can change from the time of the report to the day of sale. The provenance to the historical owners of the Stone House as the Peugnet Brothers, and specifically Louis Peugnet, who as a captain in the Imperial Garde de Corps would have served at the Battle of Brienne, serves as the most likely route that this important Napoleonic relic found its way to the United States and kept in the largest French Napoleonic emigre community in the U.S. Other interesting clues as to the possible origin of the sword and whether it may have even belonged to Napoleon exist in an old newspaper story referencing the fire which burned down the Cup and Saucer house in 1864. All rights reserved. Required fields are marked *. TELEPHONE BIDDING - Requests for phone lines must be received at least three (3) days prior to the auction date. Morphy Auctions . January 4. Service Record of Prince Ivan Ivanovich Odoevsky (1792-1814)Without the inscription, this sword would be considered an exceptional presentation sword and relic of the Napoleonic Wars, without a clear attribution to Imperial Russia and some of the most important battles of the later Napoleonic Wars. I am tremendously thankful to you for those few words that you found your strength to write to me. Adding to the stature of the sword as a piece of extraordinary Russian historical interest and elevating it to Russian Imperial National Treasure status is the period presentation in Cyrillic translating to YEAR 1810 PORUTCHIK I.I. The auctioneer will determine the highest bidder. In the few situations where a successful bidder does not remit payment when due, MORPHYS will proceed with the legal steps necessary to protect its interests and will block the bidder from future auction participation. Sergei was born in 1743. For any buyers who wish to arrange for their own shipping, MORPHYS must be notified at least seven (7) days prior to arrival of the shipping company name, arrival date and time. The crossguard features two cast and chased flowerheads from which emerge an eagle and, at the other end, a fluted quillion. - 1628) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. No statement anywhere whether oral or written, shall be deemed such a guarantee, warranty or representation. Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custers personal 18671868 Indian Wars field map, cartes de visite of Custer in 7th Cavalry dress uniform along with wife, Elizabeth had Custer family provenance. Watch Descriptions and Condition Reports: The physical characteristics, timing accuracy or functionality of timepieces cannot be guaranteed, and all items are sold as-is. BUYERS PREMIUM All items are sold for display purpose. Title 18, U.S. Code, Section 921(a)(16) defines antique firearms as all guns manufactured prior to 1899. o Lots returned must be completely intact in their original form and undamaged holder, or there will be no credit. Today. Its holdings have grown organically over nine decades, primarily through donations of artifacts. Imperial Russia had a long history of mounting Islamic blades, most often Ottoman or Persian, in customized mounts, and that this was a Persian blade is a testament to the continued respect Russian nobles and royalty had for Islamic blades. Grading does not qualify for return evaluation, nor do such complaints constitute a basis to challenge the authenticity of a lot. o Please note that many treatments cannot be determined without sophisticated laboratory testing. WIRE TRANSFERS There will be a $30 charge added to all wire transfers less than $2,000. Submit all questions regarding upcoming auction items at least 48 hours prior to the date of auction. This includes but is not limited to: deficient stones, needed repair or defects. An imperial Russian Napoleonic sword originally owned by Prince Ivan Ivanovich Odoevsky, a distinguished military officer who died in 1814 at the Battle of Brienne in France, weighed in at an astonishing 6 pounds 1 ounce. The interest in Custer memorabilia has never diminished, Morphy said. Ivan Ivanovich, just returned from space (Zvezda Museum) On March 25, 1961, a group of peasants in Izhevsk, a village near the Ural Mountains in the center of the Soviet Union, watched a man fall . Any lot sold with a certificate of authenticity or other warranty from an entity other than Auctioneer or Morphys affiliates is subject to such issuing entitys rules and such conditions are the sole remedy afforded to purchaser. Any participation in the auction binds you to agreement of these terms whether or not you read or understand said terms. Save all royalty-free images. 0. For example a 36 x 36 x 12 package = 36 + (36 x2) + (12 x 2) = 132 He was killed in action on January 29, 1814, at the Battle of Brienne in France. Any buyer who has made their payment within the due date of 7 calendar days who wishes to report a problem must notify MORPHYS within three calendar (3) days of receipt of their purchased item. If you find this site serviceableness, please support us by sharing this posts to your preference social media accounts like Facebook, Instagram and so on or you can also Save this blog page with the title Ivan Ivanovich Odoevsky Sword Sold For by using Ctrl + D for units a laptop with a Windows operating system or Command + D for laptops with an Apple operating system. All gemstones and diamonds are measured and graded in their setting unless stated otherwise. To view the terms and conditions for our Firearms Auctions, please go to: www.morphyauctions.com/firearmterms Ivan Ivanovich of the House of Rurik, was Tsarevich - the heir apparent - of the Tsardom of Russia, being the second son of Ivan the Terrible and Anastasia Romanovna, and elder brother of Feodor. Any invoice totaling more than $100,000 and all watch sales must be paid within three (3) days. FIREWORKS MORPHYS can only ship Class 1 Division 1.4 and 1.6 Explosives (as described in the following website: http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/hazmat/placards/class1.html) per the 49CFR 173.50 and can only ship these via FedEx. Prospective bidders should inspect the property before bidding to determine its condition, size and whether or not it has been restored. In the winter of 1824-1825 he was admitted to the Northern Society of . Prince Odoevskys sabre is billed as undoubtedly the most artistically and historically significant Imperial Russian sword to be offered in America since the September 1945 Gimbels sale of three shashka from the Imperial Collection at Tsarskoe Selo (one of which, the cased garniture of the Tsarevich Nikolaevich Alexei formerly in the Collection of Robert M Lee, remains in private hands). Undoubtedly the most artistically and historically significant Imperial Russian sword to be offered in America since the September 1945 Gimbels sale of three shashka from the Imperial Collection at Tsarskoe Selo (one. 2021121 um station (^^) nike supreme1.B10!FURLA . If a lot does not receive a bid of 50% of the low estimate, the lot will be passed by the auctioneer. No discount is permitted on split payments where a credit card is used as any form of total payment. . , . o Under extremely limited circumstances related solely to authenticity, such as a highly significant cataloging error, a purchaser, who did not bid from the floor, may request MORPHYS to evaluate voiding a sale. Search. Another showpiece from the antique sword category was the statue-hilted Civil War presentation sword with a Klauberg blade. ivan ivanovich odoevsky sword sold forhow much did richard branson space flight cost ivan ivanovich odoevsky sword sold for Buyer releases MORPHYs from any and all claims for loss or damage to any item during transit and agrees to pay all costs of defense, including attorneys fees, for any claims brought against MORPHYS for loss or damage occurring during transit. [1] He was sentenced to katorga, but in 1837 he was transferred to the Caucasus with the rank of private. INTERNATIONAL SHIPMENTS MORPHYS has the capability to ship to international bidders. coulson group careers; Search. MORPHYs cannot combine standard item shipments with oversize and breakable item shipments. Be the first to know of our latest discoveries and exclusive offers. CHECK - There will be a $30 service charge for returned checks. Fetching $30,000 was this artistically and historically significant imperial Russian Napoleonic sword of Russian Prince Ivan Ivanovich Odoevsky, solid gold ormolu adornment, Cyrillic inscription and 1810 date, 41 inches overall. The official record is itself filled in with some fascinating details of his life through the source of his sister Varvara Lansky (nee Varvara Ivanovich Odoevsky) and the regimental history of the Pavlograd Hussars Regiment.Biography of Prince OdoevskyPrince Odoevsky was born in 1792 at the historic Odoevsky estate in Lukino, northeast of Moscow near Sverdlovsk, which still stands today. martha washington inn restaurant; bc lions coaching staff 2020; 8, 1999/https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/9564/, , // : 25 . The direct entry is below, with the direct reference to Odoevsky as having been particularly outstanding at the Battle of Kobrin and having been awarded the Order of Anna Third Class.Later references to him are sparse outside of the archival record other than his promotion to a captain as a result of bravery at the Battle of Dresden, where he served with the Pavlograd Hussars under the Russian Corps under General Voronsov, Cavalry Division commanded by Orurk in the Schevalov brigade.His death was not only recorded in handwriting on the miniature portrait (see page 7) but also in a record of Imperial Russian nobility published in 1840 where it notes that in the Odoevsky family two princes were killed, Prince I. I. Odoevsky and Prince Sergei Petrovich Odoevsky who was killed at the Battle of Dresden in 1813 (where Prince I. I. Odoevsky also distinguished himself in battle).The official record then does not mention Prince I. I. Odoevsky and his death at the Battle of Brienne nor which regiment he served in at the time. MORPHYS and its representatives reserve the right to remove those attendees who impede preview and/or the auction. Similarly, we cannot guarantee that every card graded by one third-party grading service will in all cases receive exactly the same grade by another third-party grading service. Cellulose, the material that Rich people had many pastimes. You (the bidder) assume the risk of winning an item online and not having the item actually sell to you. Service Record of Prince Ivan Ivanovich Odoevsky (1792-1814) Without the inscription, this sword would be considered an exceptional presentation sword and relic of the Napoleonic Wars, without a clear attribution to Imperial Russia and some of the most important battles of the later Napoleonic Wars. Grading Scale: MORPHYs strongly recommends that you personally evaluate any items that you are bidding on, and make your own determination about its grade. o If MORPHYS concurs that the lot is not as represented, Purchaser shall be refunded their purchase price. Buyer authorizes the MORPHYs to sell, at their standard commission and consignment contract terms, any goods not retrieved after a 90 day period in any manner deemed appropriate by MORPHYs and the proceeds will be applied to any outstanding balance due from the buyer. russian sword pawn stars sold. Gallery is open 5 days a week. We do offer the convenience of paying automatically by credit card. Those items that MORPHYS will not ship will require that the winning bidder either pick up the items personally or arrange a 3rd party shipping service. In no case shall MORPHYs liability exceed the winning bid on that lot, which bid shall be deemed for all purposes the value of the lot. MORPHYS reserves the right to hold items paid for by personal or company check until said check clears (14 days). You can Save the Ivan Ivanovich Odoevsky Sword Sold For here. Open Monday-Friday 9AM to 4PM. DISCOUNT IS ONLY AVAILABLE IF INVOICE IS PAID WITHIN 7 DAYS from the sale date. Occasionally a lot description will include the words we have submitted, which is intended to be taken literally and give bidders great confidence that MORPHYS has not done anything to the cards to alter or otherwise improve their appearance and ultimate grade. When bidding on any lot offered by MORPHYS, the bidder indicates acceptance of the following Terms of Sale. 16.04.1814 1813 . Catalogue Note. As he only was promoted to Lieutenant in February 1812, the date of 1810 in the inscription corresponds with him as a second lieutenant or podporuchik. PAYMENT, INTEREST and STORAGE FEES o USA business shipments must be less than 150 lbs. sword and fairy 7 how to change language. If you use a smartphone, you can also use the drawer menu of the browser you are using. Due to an old fracture in the knucklebow there is some minor refreshing to the gilding in the area affected. . // . For verifications, MORPHYS cannot provide winning bid information until the second business day after the auction. Prospective purchasers are on notice that several countries completely prohibit importation of property made, all or in part, of protected materials. Ivan Ivanovich Odoevsky Sword Sold For are a theme that is being searched for and appreciated by netizens nowadays. . . - XIV XVI // . We advise all bidders to read the Terms and Conditions of the Sale before bidding with Dan Morphy Auctions LLC and/or its affiliates Morphy Firearms LLC, and Morphy Auctions, Las Vegas collectively referred to below as MORPHYS . Oversize and breakable items, which will appear on a separate line of the invoice, will ship based upon a date our shipper partner will provide to the purchaser after payment and pickup of the items. 1812 . If payment by cash, check, money order or wire transfer is made within 7 days of the invoice, a 3% discount on the Hammer price may be taken by the buyer. It is the buyers responsibility to pick the items up here. Above the artwork, a poignant motto reads: We Will Prove Ourselves Men., Dan Morphy, president of Morphy Auctions, said he was extremely proud to have handled such an important Civil War artifact. They served as junior officers at Waterloo, where Louis was wounded. The black leather has been professionally refreshed to the highest museum standard. If any provision of the Terms & Conditions is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavor to give effect to the parties' intentions as reflected in the provision, and the other provisions of the Terms & Conditions shall remain in full force and effect. All auction participants are urged to check the legality of possession in and/or shipment of gaming devices to their state of residence. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Purchaser may not transfer the rights afforded under the LOA, and it is null and void when Purchaser transfers or attempts to transfer the lot. o MORPHYS will not accept return of certified items due to possible differences of opinion with respect to the grade offered by any third-party organization, dealer, or service. MORPHYS has the right to hold all checks over $2,000. Offered with substantial provenance, it realized $19,200, more than six times the high estimate. In the following decade the family was absorbed into the ranks of Muscovite boyars. - 31 1812 .December 02, 1812 For bravery in battle promoted to Staff-Captain. All items not shippable must be picked up by the buyer. STORAGE FEE MORPHYS will charge a storage fee of $50 per item per month for any items awaiting pickup for more than 30 days following the invoice date. Certain warranties may be available from the grading services, and the Bidder is referred to them for further details: Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA), Sportscard Guaranty LLC (SGC), Global Authentics LLC, Beckett Grading Services (BGS), JO Sports, Inc. The War of 1812 Museum confirmed that this sword would have belonged to Prince I. I. Odoevsky who was killed January 29, 1814 at the Battle of Brienne, France. TERMS OF SALE Auction closed on Thursday, June 13, 2019. All goods not retrieved by Buyer within 30 days after the invoice date, shall be subject to a storage fee of $50 per item per month. A portrait of the prince in civilian dress is in the Moscow State Historical Museum. The son of Vasili III, the Rurikid ruler of . A surcharge will be added for third party online platforms. This sword is of some of the finest Russian workmanship, custom ordered and designed in the French inspired Empire Style, popular in Imperial Russia at the turn of the 18th century and into the mid-19th century.The sword is of the finest quality workmanship in the hussar style. o The LOA does not provide for incidental or consequential damages or other indirect damages. A hussars lieutenant (poruchik) was equivalent to a quartermasters regiment second lieutenant (podporuchik).15.07. The son of Ivan Sergeyevich and Praskovya Alexandrovna Odoevsky.<br><br>Served in the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment, cornet. While many treatments are considered permanent, this cannot be guaranteed. In the 16th and 17th centuries the Odoyevsky family served at the Moscow court as boyars and voivodes. The massive gilt bronze ormolu mounts retain nearly all their original bright mercury fire gilding with only minor wear. o If the MORPHYs denies the claim, the Purchaser agrees to the AGREEMENT REGARDING GOVERNING LAW, VENUE, AND LEGAL RIGHTS noted herein. If you wish have your card automatically charged for all purchases please complete our Authorization for Automatic Credit Card Use. We have this form available online or upon request. FIREARMS These terms do NOT apply to our firearms auctions. During the heavy fighting Bonaparte was almost taken by Russian hussars, and both Blucher and his second-in-command Augustus Gneisenau only just managed to elude French troops. The buyer was the Atlanta History Center of Atlanta, Ga. Please contact Proxibid to learn about retracting a bid. Artistically and historically significant Imperial Russian Napoleonic sword of Russian Prince Ivan Ivanovich Odoevsky (d. 1814), solid gold ormolu adornment, Cyrillic inscription and 1810 date, 41 inches overall. o Purchaser must contact MORPHYS within the warranty period, prior to submission of the lot as to his intent to make a claim, receive prior approval, and arrange secure shipment. Any risk of loss or damage to the item(s) during transit via FedEx, or any other carrier, in excess of the insurance provided by or purchased from MORPHYS, is at the risk of the buyer. , 2003. Dimensional size is length (the longest measurement) + (height x 2) + (width x 2). War and Peace not only features the hussar regiments prominently as the centerpiece of the story, but the Pavlograd Hussars where Prince Odoevsky served from 1812 through 1814 are one of the primary regiments which Tolstoy uses to illustrate the bravery and derring-do of the young royal officers.While it is speculation to say that any of the characters are directly based on Prince I. I. Odoevsky the record is clear and further adds to the historical significance of this sword. When authenticating large lots, such as a collection of 6,000+ signed 3 x 5 cards, or a set of 700+ signed baseball cards, great care has been taken in the authentication process, with all the greater attention focused on any items representing a concentration of value. The sabre, 3ft 5in (1.04m) long overall, is designed in the Empire Style popular with all the royal courts of Europe at the onset of the 19th century, particularly in the Court of Tsar Alexander I in which all things French were greatly admired. Bidders may preview, register and place bids online through our website, www.morphyauctions.com. A Return Merchandise Authorization Number (RMA#) must be issued by MORPHYS before you ship anything back to our address. The War of 1812 Museum notes that officers would not be stricken from the lists as killed in battle many months and in some cases years after their death, and that posthumous promotions, awards, and even regimental transfers were common even after officers were killed. The House of Odoyev (Russian: , Polish: Odojewscy) was a princely Rurikid family descended from the sovereign Princes/Dukes of Odoyev and Novosil. Insurance for all 3rd party shipments must be arranged through that carrier. The painting did not travel beyond Moscow with the rest of the exhibits at the behest of the buyer, Nikolai Dmitrievich Stakheev, a merchant of the first guild . Know the exact vehicle you want? After Napoleons return to France in 1799, the mounting of Damascus blades in European sabers became commonplace. I hereby irrevocably submit to the personal jurisdiction of the appropriate court in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Claims and their enforcement, and I agree that any and all Claims must be adjudicated, heard, determined, and resolved in said court, and I hereby irrevocably waive any objection on the ground that any such action or proceeding in said court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. How To GROW CUT & STYLE a Full Looking BEARD At Home | EVERY Tip & Trick You Need! Buyers who have not made their payment within the due date of 7 days may not return any items under any circumstances. Sword That Belonged to Russian Prince Ivan Ivanovich Odoevsky who was killed by Napoleon's troops at the Battle of Brienne in 1814! This day in history.<br> <br>On December 8, Alexander Odoevsky was born.<br> <br>Alexander Ivanovich Odoevsky (November 26 (December 8), 1802, St. Petersburg - August 15 (27), 1839, Fort Lazarevsky, now the Lazarevskoye microdistrict in the city of Sochi) was a Russian poet, Decembrist.<br> <br>Odoevsky belonged to the ancient Odoevsky family, descended from the princes of Chernigov. It is the purchasers responsibility to obtain any export or import licenses and/or certificates as well as any other required documentation. The Atlanta History Center is home to one of the most comprehensive Civil War collections in the United States but rarely makes major purchases. .: , 2014. If there are two (2) identical bids placed on the same item, priority will be given to the first bid received. WIRE TRANSFERS There will be a $30 charge added to all wire transfers less than $2,000. Actor: The Whirl. Louis Peugnet was a captain in the Napoleons body guard, an officer of the Garde de Corps and was awarded the Legion dHonneur. [5] In the late 1500s, the Odoyevsky princes finally lost their principality to Ivan the Terrible (r.15331584) and entered the regular boyar aristocracy. Odoevsky. Extensive Research and Documentation from period sources. MORPHYS will not provide bidder information to any outside sources. Deputy Director Sergey Lvov of the War of 1812 Museum in Moscow has confirmed that Prince Ivan Ivanovich was killed in action on 29 January 1814 at the Battle of Brienne in France. o Buyers must be aware that watches may need general service, change of battery, or further repair work for which the buyer is solely responsible. o MORPHYS makes no representations or warranties, express or implied, as to whether natural stones have been treated or enhanced, whether specifically referenced or not.
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